磁共振波谱在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的应用进展

目的磁共振波谱（MRS）是一种可在活体上元创性测定脑内代谢物质的方法。MRS能在分子水平上反映脑的能量代谢障碍、细胞内酸中毒和神经元损伤等情况，为临床诊断和治疗提供了有价值的信息。近年来，MRS对新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病（HIE）的研究进展较快，具有很好的应用前景。     

高血压脑病的MRI表现

目的分析高血压脑病的MRI表现。方法搜集8例经临床诊断高血压脑病患者，行MR T1WI和T2M检查，其中4例加行扩散加权成像（DWI），分析血压变化、MRI表现及ADC值变化。结果发病时平均血压199／123mmHg，平均升高25．73％／28．71％；MRI上病变主要呈T1稍低、T2稍高信号，以顶枕叶、小脑半球多见。DWI病变呈等及稍高信号，ADC值较正常平均升高58％。仅1个病灶DWI出现明显高信号，表现扩散系数（ADC）值减低。结论MRI有助于高血压脑病的诊断及鉴别诊断，预后及疗效观察，DWI是将其与急性脑梗死区分开的最佳影像学检查方法。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病及脑室扩大的随访

目的探对影响新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)及脑室扩大患儿预后的因素 方法 对我院2002年1-12月收治的足月新生儿HIE 76例出院后进行3-19个月随访,其中26例在"SARS"期间改用电话随访 结果 住院HIE患儿88例,随访76例(86.4％),健康存活73例(96.1％),死亡2例(2.6％),脑瘫1例(1.3％) 轻度HIE 39例无后遗症;中度35例中脑瘫、死亡各1例(各2.9％),重度2例中死亡1例(50％),另1例无后遗症 有阿氏评分记录者71例,其中1 mm 8-10分30例中脑瘫1例(3％),1mm≤7分、5mm8-10分者17例均无后遗症;1mm、5mm均≤7分者24例中死亡2例(8％) 预后不良与胎儿发育迟缓、重度窒息、治疗不当等有关 头颅B超随访49例,脑室扩大12例(24.5％),其中出生时即有、随访中出现各6例,后者脑瘫1例,余在12-19个月恢复正常 结论 影响HIE预后不良的因素与胎儿发育迟缓、重度窒息、治疗不当等有关随访中可见一过性脑室扩大,预后良好     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血小板参数的变化及意义

为探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)血小板参数的变化及临床意义。对1t2例HIE患儿进行临床分度,于急性期进行血小板参数测定,并于恢复期复查,了解其动态变化情况。并以60例正常足月新生儿作为对照。(l)HIE患儿急性期血小板总数(PLT)较正常儿明显降低(P<0.01),平均血小板体积(MPV)和血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)较正常儿明显增高(P<0.01)。恢复期PLT、MPV、PDW与正常组之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。(2)HIE患儿PLT随HIE病情加重而降低(P<0.01)。而MPV、PDW则随病情加重而增大(P<0.01,P>0.05)。结果提示,动态观察HIE患儿血小板参数,可作为判断HIE病情严重程度的指标。     

纳络酮对缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿血浆神经肽Y和β-内啡肽的影响

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)血浆神经肽Y(NPY)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)的变化及纳络酮治疗后对其的影响。方法将34例中、重度HIE患儿随机分成常规治疗组(18例),纳络酮治疗组(16例),以14例正常新生儿为对照组,纳络酮治疗组入院后在常规治疗的基础上给予纳络酮治疗,连用3天。HIE患儿组治疗前、治疗3d后各采血收集标本一次,采用放射免疫法测定NPY、β-EP。结果①HIE患儿血浆NPY、β-EP水平为(174.23±18.31)ng／L、(123.36±16.42)ng／L均显著高于正常对照组(87.19±12.95)ng／L、(63.27±12.65)ng／L(P<0.01)。HIE急性期NPY与β-EP呈正相关(r=0.347,P<0.05)。②HIE常规组、纳络酮组治疗3d后血浆NPY、β-EP水平均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01)。治疗后HIE纳络酮组NPY、β-EP水平均显著低于常规组(P<0.01)。结论NPY、β-EP共同参与了HIE的病理生理过程,在HIE发病机制中可能起重要作用;纳络酮能显著降低NPY、β-EP水平,减轻脑损伤。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清可溶性ICAM-1和Fas水平变化

【目的】　探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (hypoxic ischemicencephalopathy ,HIE)血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子 1(solubleICAM 1,sICAM 1)和可溶性纤维蛋白粘连系统 (solublefas ,sFas)水平变化及其在HIE发病中的作用。　【方法】　采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法 (ELISA)分别检测HIE患儿血清sICAM 1和sFas水平 ,与正常新生儿进行比较分析。　【结果】　HIE患儿血清sICAM 1和sFas水平均高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,且sICAM 1和sFas水平与HIE程度有关。　【结论】　ICAM 1和Fas可能分别通过内皮细胞炎症反应和细胞凋亡在HIE病理损害中发挥作用 ,血清sFas和sICAM 1水平可能提示HIE早期分子生物学变化     

Epileptic negative myoclonus in a newborn with hemimegalencephaly

PURPOSE: We report the case of a male newborn with Ohtahara syndrome and right hemimegalencephaly who presented epileptic negative myoclonus in the first days of life. METHODS: Prolonged polygraphic studies were performed, as well as MRI and a full clinical examination. RESULTS: EEG showed a constant and nonreactive pattern of burst suppression. There were several kinds of electro-clinical seizures (generalized myoclonia, short atonias, typical spasm and tonic spasms) at the beginning of the EEG's burst. The periods of EMG silence, lasting less than 300 ms, were associated with stereotyped EEG transients. CONCLUSIONS: Epileptic negative myoclonus can be observed also in neonatal age. The short transient impairment of motor function observed in the newborn seems linked to the slow component of spike-wave discharge, but its mechanism is still not clear.     

Cytochrome oxidase activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland in rats with portacaval shunt

Rhythmic behavioral and biochemical changes have been observed in both human and animal models with hepatic insufficiency. The basis of all these alterations is the principal endogenous pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The aim of this work, therefore, is to determine cytochrome c oxidase activity, a marker of neuronal activity and oxidative metabolism, in this nucleus in rats with portacaval shunt. In order to do this, this enzyme was histochemically marked and quantified by computer-assisted optical densitometry. Results show a reduced cytochrome oxidase activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in animals with portacaval shunts and, inversely, an increase in oxidative metabolism in the pineal gland, another circadian structure. However, the activity measured in a noncircadian brain structure, the hippocampus, which served as a control, showed no changes with surgery. Additionally, locomotor activity was assessed by actimeters and revealed a clearly reduced activity in animals with portacaval shunt. We conclude that the suprachiasmatic nucleus is possibly involved in the rhythmic changes associated with hepatic insufficiency.     

纳洛酮治疗肺性脑病45例临床观察

目的：研究纳洛酮对肺性脑病患者的治疗效果。方法：68例出现肺性脑病的患者被随机分成两组。治疗组45例采用纳洛酮治疗，对照组23例采用尼可刹米和洛贝林治疗。结果：治疗组在8h内较对照组有较高的苏醒率，且苏醒所需时间短。8h后治疗组的心率、呼吸频率以及PaCO2的平均水平较对照组低，而PaO2较对照组高。结论：纳洛酮能有效地改善患者的通气，明显地加快肺性脑病患者的苏醒。     

早期小剂量多巴胺治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病

目的　观察早期应用小剂量多巴胺治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (HIE)的疗效。方法　在常规治疗基础上 ,治疗组患儿早期应用多巴胺 5μg·kg- 1 ·min- 1 静脉滴注。结果　治疗组疗效显著优于对照组 ,P<0 0 1 ,治疗组患儿治疗 5～ 7d后全部痊愈出院。结论　早期应用小剂量多巴胺治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病可降低病死率 ,缩短疗程